The effect of piece-wise welding on thermal and mechanical response of thick plate weldments is studied by the use of a 3-D thermo-VISCOPLASTIC model. ANAND’s VISCOPLASTIC model is used to simulate the rate dependent plastic deformation of welded materials. Modeling of the welded region in the present study has been done by the use of the “isothermal melting pool” approach. The temperature dependency of thermal and mechanical properties of material is considered in analysis and the effect of welder characteristics such as welding speed and welding lag between sequences are introduced into the model. In addition, the Element Rebirth Technique (ERT) is incorporated into the model to introduce the effect of welds of materials added to the weldments during the welding. The model was compared with the results of two analytical and experimental works. The results of the present model are feasible and clearly show the relation between the order of joining blocks and distribution of thermal loads. They also demonstrate the role of this kind of welding sequence on the formation of residual stresses and distortion in thick plate weldments.

ANAND Ram Mukhlis, Persian poet and author of the 12th century AH, was born in Sodhra, Sialkot district of Lahore. He followed his master, Bidel in poetry and although he was one ofhis best students, there is not the complexity of Bidel’s poetry in his poems. His prose style has been known to be of sobriety and Simplicity So that he is considered as one of the best writers of the time.‘Hengame-yeEshgh’is a romance story in prose written by Mukhlis in 1152 AH. It is a free translation of the ancient Indian legend, ‘Padmavat’ written by Malek Mohammad Jayesi.Mukhlis’ prose in ‘Hengame-ye Eshgh’ is poetic and beautiful. In the present article, ‘Hengame-yeEshgh’manuscript and its author are introduced.

Elasto-VISCOPLASTIC model is described first, and differential equation of visco-plastic strains is introduced with respect to time to use the model for the analysis of underground spaces include three linear and non-linear yield criteria: which is linear Mohr-Colomb, non-linear Hoek-Brown, and no-tension criteria. The corresponding relationships were derived for using in the computer program. The no-tension criterion is used for determination of the probable tension zones around the tunnel before Easto plastic analysis. A computer program was prepared in quick basic language capable of analyzing the ground around tunnels and underground spaces for linear and non-linear cases, and also to determine the stresses and strains in the tunnel surface in two-dimensional case. A horse-sheo shape tunnel was selected for analysis. One and two stage excavations, ground characteristics curve, pressure due to support system and the tension zones around the tunnel were analyzed and determined

Accurately predicting welding residual stresses and developing a convenient welding sequence for a weld system is an appropriate task since welding residual stress is inevitably produced in a welded structure. In this work, the effect of layered, block and cascade welding sequences on the thermo-mechanical response of shell weldments is studied by use of a 3-D thermo-VISCOPLASTIC model. An ANAND model is used to simulate the rate dependent plastic deformation of welded materials. At the same time, modeling of the welded region in the present study has been done on the basis of the "isothermal melting pool" approach. The temperature dependency of the thermal and mechanical properties of materials is considered in the analysis and the effect of the welding speed and welding lag, and the inter-pass temperature is introduced into the model as well. Thus, the model presented here has provided a convenient welding sequence to enhance the fabrication process of a circular weld.

The cavity problem has always been considered as a classic and fundamental problem. Specific materials like Bingham VISCOPLASTIC which is a sort of Non-Newtonian fluid, shows resistance in a certain range of stress, calling yield stress, and almost acts like rigid body in this limited area. In case of increased applied stress, it flows like fluid. With consideration of heat transfer in this type of material, yield stress and viscosity variations with temperature as in practice we face will not be far-fetched. In the present work the numerical solution of the problem of Bingham material inside lid-driven cavity, investigating fluid flow and heat transfer in view of the changes in material properties have been done and results show changes in dimensionless numbers and parameters of Re=10-1000, Bn=1-2000, Pr=0.01-100 andE=5000-50000. In this study, the governing equations have been discretized and solved by using the finite volume method (FVM) and collocated grid. This work first compares the effect of viscosity and yield stress dependency on temperature with independence mode and then, distribution of horizontal and vertical components of velocity, yield areas and flow inside cavity, center of vortex and then heat transfer due to the stream lines next to side walls are analyzed.

Semi-solid materials undergo strain localization and shear band formation as a result of granular nature of semi-solid deformation. In the present study, to analyze the shear localization, a unified VISCOPLASTIC constitutive model was developed for the homogeneous flow. Then, a linearized analysis of the stability performed by examining the necessary condition for the perturbation growth. For this purpose, a shear layer model was considered to analyze the perturbation growth and subsequent instability. The perturbation analysis revealed that the failure mode in semi-solid materials is diffused with long wave length regime, rather than to be localized and exhibiting short wave length regime. Moreover, decreasing the solid skeleton has a retarding effect on the perturbation growth and localization at low and modest strain rates. The performed analysis showed that the localization analysis results in a new interpretation for the micro-mechanisms of the semi-solid deformation. The constitutive model was fairly well correlated with the experimental results.

In the present age of cut-throat competition, it becomes highly necessary for an organization to be dynamic in the globalization era. This is possible only when the employees, employers and organizations are capable enough to cope up with the changing world scenario. In the rapidly changing environment, "human being" is the most important and valuable resource to play vital role in every organization has in the form of its employees. The present study was conducted in industrial estates at Vitthal Udyognagar (V.U.Nagar) in ANAND district of Gujarat, India. The estate was established some times in 1965. At present 1000 odd units are working and around 25000 employments are generated. The units were selected from the members’ directory published by Vitthal Udyognagar Industries Association (VUIA), out of which units were located for the study, Questionnaires were distributed posted and interviews were conducted to know the present status of the industrial scenario. SPSS Software used to carry out various statistical analysis to uncover the factor responsible for the health of the estate in general and industries in particular.

Background: Street foods offer convenient meal options for the consumer, but pose safety concerns if not handled or served with proper hygiene. The purpose of the present study was the microbial evaluation of street vended Vada pav samples sold at popular locations in ANAND city using the conventional culture technique and molecular characterization via Polymerase Chain Reaction. Methods: Duplicate samples were collected from seven different locations (n=14) across five zones: East (2), West (1), North (1), South (1), and Central (2) during June 2023. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified. For the microbial screening, bacterial enumeration, colony morphology, Gram's reaction, and biochemical characterization were performed. Amplification of nuc (S. aureus), nheA (B. cereus), phoA (E. coli), and 16S rRNA (Salmonella spp.) genes were carried out via Polymerase Chain Reaction assay.  Results: Total Viable Count (TVC) ranged from 3.93 to 6.08 log Colony Forming Units (CFU)/g while the Yeast and Mold Counts ranged from 2.30 to 4.28 log CFU/g. Using the conventional culture technique, the prevalence of S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. coli were found to be 3/14, 2/14, and 3/14, respectively; whereas based on molecular characterization, the prevalence was 0/14, 2/14, and 3/14, respectively. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any of the samples. Conclusion: The study indicates a potential health hazard for consumers due to microbial contamination of street vended Vada pav samples. Consequently, it is crucial to regulate and improve hygienic practices in street food vendors.

As long as there is the need for disposal of household waste there will be the need to understand the phenomena taking place in storage facilities for nonhazardous waste (municipal solid waste landfill). The understanding of landfill technology is of great importance because of its ever-changing state, whether mechanical, chemical or hydrological. In this context, there is a need to better understand the stress-strain behavior evolution with time of the landfilled waste. Based on triaxial and oedometric compression tests of municipal solid waste samples ranging from fresh to degraded waste, a VISCOPLASTIC constitutive model (Burgers creep-VISCOPLASTIC model) is used to describe the behavior of the municipal solid waste under loading. This model is able to adequately capture the stress-strain and pore water pressure response of the municipal solid waste at different ages. To illustrate its applicability, settlements due to the incremental loading of waste with time are predicted for a typical municipal solid waste landfill. The proposed model predicts the total settlement of a storage facility in a range similar to results published in the literature. An extension of the studied municipal solid waste landfill was also investigated.